Financial Aid in Education Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative Essays

Financial Aid in Education A guy in $50,000 of debt has got to be irresponsible with his money right? Actually, it is more likely that he is a college student. Hundreds of thousands of college students around the country are in a financial predicament because of the government?s impersonal financial aid policies. The federal government?s current system has too many quirks which end up hurting the people that financial aid is supposed to help. The federal government should change its financial aid policies to take several more factors, such as the percentage of educational expenses paid by the student, into account. Under the present system, all students applying for federal aid file a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This form is meant to figure out the amount of money a family is able to shell out for an education, or the Expected Family Contribution (EFC). Assuming the student does not qualify for independent status, both the expected contributions from the student and the parents are included in the EFC. In order for a student to get independent status you have to be married or over the age of twenty-four. After filing the FAFSA, the student will receive back a Student Aid Report (SAR) which includes the Expected Family Contribution. The way most schools determine the amount of aid you will receive is to subtract the Expected Family Contribution from the total costs of the university. Total costs include such things as tuition, room and board, insurance, and other miscellaneous expenses. The student receives the difference in loans and grants. A loan is finan cial aid that will have to be paid back, normally after the student graduates. A grant does not have to be paid back. A scholarship... ...y the government. There are several small ways that the government could improve their financial aid policies to make them more responsive to the student. I believe that all of the changes I have suggested are feasible. They might take some tinkering, but in the end they would be a change for the better. These changes would make it possible for the FAFSA to more fairly represent the needs of the student. It would never hurt to have the government put more money into education, but even if they do not, they need to do a better job of distributing the aid they give. Sources Cited: Kantrowitz, Mark. "Financial Aid Estimation Calculator." FinAid. 1999. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/finaidestimate.phtml (13 Nov 00) DAV. "Student Guide 2000-2001." U.S. Department of Education. 2000. http://www.ed.gov/prog_info/SFA/StudentGuide/2000-1/index.html (13 Nov 00)

Concern of a child in you care Essay

A) There are many different sings, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may cause concern of a child in you care, some signs may be Unexplained bruising or burns that keep recurring Wearing heavy clothing even in hot weather Bald patches of hair Running away from home, many times Fear of medical examination Aggression towards self (self-harming) and others Fear of physical contact Some signs you may notice with neglect could be that the child is always tired or hungry, asking for food or falling asleep as soon as they come to the setting, has poor hygiene and untreated medical problems. b) Children may get bullied for many different things, whether that be because of their sexuality, race, gender, a disability and more. Some ways children may get bullied could be Physically This may be pushing or shoving them, hitting, kicking and others forms or violence and even threating to hurt them. Verbally This would be name calling and insult, persistent teasing and spreading rumours – it’s important that people think about what they say before they say it, they may think that they are being funny but sometimes the victim won’t see it as being funny. Emotional bullying This could be not speaking to them, when I was as school I remember a lot of my peers use to give each other silent treatment over something little. This form of bullying is very common with younger ages. Furthermore it could include tormenting and humiliating someone. Cyber bullying This way off bullying is becoming more and more common, many children start having the latest technology from a younger age and aren’t always thinking about what they are saying behind the screen to their friends, and what they are doing. Cyber bullying is deliberate way of making someone upset The effects of bullying may be different from person to person but can stay with them for a life time, effecting there confidence, they may also have low  self-esteem and feel isolated from their peers, not be able to achieve as well as they could, in serious cases some children have even taken there life’s because of bullying. It’s important that anyone who works with children has a way of dealing with bullying and is aware of settings policy. C) If a case of bullying is reported or suspected the steps that should be followed would be All known/reported cases of bullying will be investigated by class teacher or member of senior staff Parents of the victim will be questioned about the incident or talk about their concerns Bullies/bully may be asked to make a genuine apology or their parents may be informed about the behaviour of their child After each case is dealt with, it will be watched carefully to make sure there is no recurrence. D) When I was younger, I use to have to wear glasses, I got picked on quite a bit for wearing them, I would get called ‘four eyes, nerd, blind’ and many more days. I remember one day I refused to go to school because I was fed up off getting bullied for wearing glasses, I told my parents what had been happening and why didn’t want to go to school or wear my glasses. They phoned the school to air their concerns and where asked to go for a meeting with the head of year, they was reinsurance that the incident of this will be taken care of and told ways of encouraging me to go back to school, the school even gave me help with dealing with the people. The school listen to what I had to say and my parents, and the problem was quickly dealt with.

The Course of the Great Depression - 3590 Words

The October 1987 collapse in stock prices conjured visions of 1929 and the Great Depression. Focus on this period is natural because the 32 percent decline in stock values between the market closes of October 13 and 19, 1987, was of the magnitude of--indeed, it actually exceeded--the October 1929 debacle. Focus on this period is also appropriate because, despite all that has been learned since to help assure economic stability, we cannot be completely confident that history will not repeat itself. Consequently, this first section reviews events of the Depression era. The stock market Crash of October 1929 is frequently credited with triggering the Depression. The decline was severe and extended; from their peak in September 1929, stock†¦show more content†¦And in the absence of significannot efforts to offset these failures, the money supply (of which 92 percent consisted of bank deposits) fell by 31 percent between 1929 and 1933. Unlike monetary policy and related financial disturbances, fiscal policy did not play a particularly significannot role during the Depression. Federal government spending, including transfer payments, was small before and during the 1929-1933 period. Moreover, changes in tax and spending policies, and resulting fluctuations in the budget deficit, were generally minor. Perhaps fiscal policy could have done more to combat the Depression; in the event, it was not a major factor. Causes of the Depression Keynesian Explanation There is not, at this point, anything approaching a consensus on the causes of the depth and duration of the Depression. With the passage of time, the Keynesian view that an inexplicable contraction in spending--business investment and personal consumption--led to the collapse in economic activity has fallen into disfavor. A contraction in spending did of course occur, but showing that the decline was a cause rather than a reaction to a deeper economic malady is difficult. Some claim the stock market collapse of October 1929 was the cause of the spending contraction, but the evidence is suspect. Quantitatively, the decline in share values, large and persistent as it was during the Depression, does not seem sufficient to generate aShow MoreRelated The Course of The Great Depression Essay3525 Words   |  15 PagesThe Course of The Great Depression The October 1987 collapse in stock prices conjured visions of 1929 and the Great Depression. Focus on this period is natural because the 32 percent decline in stock values between the market closes of October 13 and 19, 1987, was of the magnitude of--indeed, it actually exceeded--the October 1929 debacle. Focus on this period is also appropriate because, despite all that has been learned since to help assure economic stability, we cannot be completely confidentRead MoreEssay about The Grapes of Wrath - The True American Spirit1137 Words   |  5 Pagesexcellent portrayal of the common and true Americans. While it is of course a book of deep thought and incredible symbolism, most of all The Grapes of Wrath gives these common American workers a voice and a distinct identity, and doesnt just turn them into a stereotype or cliche.       Steinbecks book could be regarded as one of the best books from America and perhaps the best on the subject of the Great Depression. It doesnt focus on the stock market crashing or from the upper classRead MoreThe Publics Interaction With Anxiety, Depression, And Its Treatment1587 Words   |  7 Pages The Publics Interaction with Anxiety, Depression, and its Treatment Elijah-Smith-Antonides Community College of Road Island General Psychology Traci A. Rossi December 5th, 2016 â€Æ' The Publics Interaction with Anxiety, Depression, and its Treatment The treatment of mental disorders has made a huge amount of progress since the original days of cutting open a person’s head and letting the demons leak out. It seems that depression and anxiety are on the rise these days demanding more attentionRead MoreThe 1930S, Also Known As The Era Of The Great Depression,968 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1930s, also known as the era of the Great Depression, was a hard time not only in the United States, but all throughout the world. However, the United States was not just struggling financially, but had conflicting morales. During the Great Depression, the United States had two different presidents, Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. These two presidents have very different opinions on how to try and bring the United States out of the Depression. Herbert Hoover wanted to limit governmentRead MoreHerbert Hoover, One of the Worst Presidents in American History885 Words   |  4 Pagesthe plague known as the Great Depression, Herbert H oover is often seen as one of the worst presidents in American history. He enacted policies such as the Hawley-Smoot Tariff that flushed America deeper into the depression. Hoover didnt understand that to solve a crisis such as a depression, he needed to interact directly with the people by using programs such as social security and welfare. Instead, Hoover had the idea that if he were to let the depression run its course, it would eventually endRead MoreHist 405 Entire Course1041 Words   |  5 PagesHIST 405 Entire Course Purchase here https://sellfy.com/p/LgnV/ Product Description HIST 405 Final ExamHIST 405 Quiz Week 2 HIST 405 Quiz Week 4 HIST 405 Quiz Week 6 HIST 405 Week 1 DQ 1 The Cost of Expansion HIST 405 Week 1 DQ 2 Colonial Identities HIST 405 Week 2 DQ 1 The American Revolution HIST 405 Week 2 DQ 2 Confederation and Constitution HIST 405 Week 2 Webliography HIST 405 Week 3 DQ 1 The Market Revolution HIST 405 Week 3 DQ 2 Manifest Destiny HIST 405 Week 4 AssignmentRead MoreHist 405 Entire Course945 Words   |  4 PagesHIST 405 Entire Course Purchase here https://sellfy.com/p/LgnV/ Product Description HIST 405 Final ExamHIST 405 Quiz Week 2 HIST 405 Quiz Week 4 HIST 405 Quiz Week 6 HIST 405 Week 1 DQ 1 The Cost of Expansion HIST 405 Week 1 DQ 2 Colonial Identities HIST 405 Week 2 DQ 1 The American Revolution HIST 405 Week 2 DQ 2 Confederation and Constitution HIST 405 Week 2 Webliography HIST 405 Week 3 DQ 1 The Market Revolution HIST 405 Week 3 DQ 2 Manifest Destiny HIST 405 Week 4 AssignmentRead MoreCompare and Contrast  the Way Keynes and Friedman Approach the Economy701 Words   |  3 Pagesprofound and so was what they shared. Believe it or not, neither won or lost: todays policy orthodoxies are a synthesis of their two approaches.( http://gecon.blogspot.com July 19, 2009) Some of there key differences were Keynes thought the great depression caused the free market to fail; Friedman decided, instead, that the Federal Reserve had failed. Keynes trusted in discretion for sophisticated mandarins like himself; Friedman believed that the only safe government was one bound by tight rulesRead MoreThe Consequences Of The Great Depression875 Words   |  4 Pagesthe consequences of the great depression in France. For this paper, to identify the consequences of the great depression in France I will have to obtain a variety of sources that explain how they got involved. Using these sources I will be able to figure out who was mainly damaged and how they try to resolve issues. I will also be able to identify who else was involved that may have caused things get worse. Information of France before and after the great depression will also be helpful to analyzeRead MoreEssay on John Maynard Keynes Versus Friederich A. Hayek603 Words   |  3 Pagesthinkers of the of the early twentieth century, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek, hold very different economic viewpoints. Keynes is among the most famous economic philosophers. Keynes, whos theories gained a reputation during the Great Depression in the 1930s, focused mainly on an economys bust. It is where the economy declines and finally bottoms-out, that Keynesian economics believes the answers lie for its eventual recovery. On the oth er hand, Hayek believed that in studying the

A Letter to His Parent by Jose Rizal - 4223 Words

ENGLISH Write the antonyms of these words. 1. Wet _____________________ 2. Full _____________________ 3. Save ______________________ 4. Return ____________________ 5. Funny ____________________ 6. Sharp _____________________ 7. Fresh _______________________ 8. Exit ________________________ 9. Bake _________________________ 10. Awake ___________________________ Positive Comparative Superlative 1. Pretty ______________ ________________ 2. Attractive ______________ ________________ 3. Short ______________ ________________ 4. Noisy ______________ ________________ 5. Thin ______________ ________________ Match the synonyms. Write the†¦show more content†¦______ 4. We can see mountains all over the world. ______ 5. A plateu is an elevated land area that surrounded by a lower land area. ______ 6. A mountain is good for putting up airports and railroads. ______ 7. Rice fields are usually found on plains. ______ 8. People cultivate the land and grow different crops on it. ______ 9. Island is a flat level land between mountains or hills. ______ 10. Lava is very hot mud. Match the correct answer. ____ 11. It erupts and throws out lava. A. Islands ____ 12. It is a lowland between hills or mountains. B. mountain ____ 13.It is the highest landform. C. peak ____ 14.It is the landform surrounded by water. D. valley ____ 15.The top of the mountain is called _____ e. volcano ____ 16. The highland but lower than a mountain f. plain ____ 17. A flat level land g. plateu ____ 18. It is an elevated level land. H. hill Choose the correct answer in the box Lahar , river , waterfall , pond , ocean | 1. It is water falling from a high ground to a low ground. 2. It is the largest body of water on the earth. 3. It is the mudflow from an erupting volcano. 4. It is a body of freshwater over which a bridge is usually built. 5. It is a small body of freshwater surrounded by land. 24– 26 Find the different of water in the word puzzle below. Color them tightly with blue or yellow. F | H | J | E | C | H | O | A | B | A | T | H | I | N | G | RShow MoreRelatedRizals Love Affair to Josephine Bracken1640 Words   |  7 PagesJOSE RIZAL’s LOVE AFFAIR TO JOSEPHINE BRACKEN (Western Mindanao State University,ZC) Submitted to Ms. Submitted by Student Nurses Helouise P.Vallecer Karielle Mareez H. Mamungay Rizette Jade O. Araneta Miel Marie F.Atilano Jester lendl Cruz ABSTRACT In this article of Rizal’s love affair to Josephine Bracken it is studied on how and why they met. How do they leave each others side from the time of the first glance of Rizal’s eye to Josephine. LITERATURE REVIEW Sweet foreigner? WhileRead MorePhilippine History of Jose Rizal1461 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Ilustrado’s was Jose Rizal. During the time of Rizal and after his death the Philippines underwent its revolution from Spain. The revolution was triggered by a number of events and people most notably Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio. Rizal with his education and wisdom from all around the world sought reform and equality among Spain, and Bonifacio wanted revolution. The extraordinary life of Jose Rizal changed the Philippines forever through his vision of equality for his people; which in turnRead MoreWhy Is Rizal Our National Hero2163 Words   |  9 Pagesthe writings of Dr. Rizal and try to gain an understanding of his ideals and hope for the Philippines. Dr. Rizal is a great gift of God to us, if we are to see it in a Christian perspective. But Dr. Rizal may be like a precious gift left unopened in the closet of our lackadaisical minds. Participating in the events being held this year is a good way to open our hearts and minds to the dreams of Rizal for a progressive and enlightened Filipino nation. Reading and understanding his works will be anotherRead MoreLife of Dr. Jose P. Rizal6588 Words   |  27 PagesJosà © Rizal |Date  of  birth: |June 19, 1861. | |Place  of  birth: |Calamba, Laguna, Philippines | |Date  of  death: |December 30, 1896 (aged  35) | |Place  of  death: |Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park), Manila, Philippines | |Major organizations: |La Solidaridad, La Liga Filipina | |Major monuments: |Rizal ParkRead MoreReaction in Rizal1956 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"RIZAL’S TRAVEL TO OTHER COUNTRIES: THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO HIS HEROISM† Spain Jose Rizal was departed from spain, and it was kept secret from Spanish authorities. On May 3, 1882 he boarded on Salvador bound for Singapore, and that time he was the only Filipino passenger. The captain of the ship, Donato Lecha from Asturias Spain, befriended him although some Spaniards who spoke ill of the Philippines peeved him. He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in MedicineRead MoreResearch Paper About Rizal2146 Words   |  9 PagesIs Rizal married to Josephine Braken? I. Introduction My intention is to give a basic outline of the lovelife story between Josephine Bracken and Jose P. Rizal. So for reasons of this outline and other constraints it will unfortunately be necessary omit some aspects of their story in this outline report. I ask of anyone who believes that anything is incorrect. Then, should it be necessary, it can be amended. I ask that any information that is offered is factually based rather than opinion orRead MoreRizal: His Travel and Experiences2489 Words   |  10 PagesDr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda as born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna. His second house was in Binan Laguna where he had his early education He also studied in Sto. Tomas and Ateneo Rizal could no longer bear the discrimination in University of Sto. Tomas thus he decided to go abroad. His purposes are : to finish hi medical studies, to study liberalism, culture, and what kind of government do other countries have. On May 3, 1882, Rizal left Philippines for the firstRead MoreIntroduction to Rizal Course11998 Words   |  48 PagesLECTURE GUIDE IN SOC 6 WEEK 1—ORIENTATION / INTRODUCTION TO RIZAL COURSE WEEK 2 BACKGROUNDER OF RIZAL’S FAMILY / HISTORICAL BACGROUND OF RIZAL: A. ANCESTRY OF RIZAL. Rizal came from a mixture of races. From his father side, his great grandfather was a Chinese merchant from Amoy, China. In the closing year of the 17th century, Domingo Lamco who assumed the family surname â€Å" Mercado â€Å" in consonance with the decree of Governor General Narciso Claveria to free all Spanish subjects and their childrenRead MoreRizal2524 Words   |  11 PagesChapter 2 : â€Å"CHILDHOOD MEMORIES IN CALAMBA† Our National Hero, Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonso Realonda, has a lot of beautiful memories and wonderful experiences to reckon during his childhood days in Calamba – where he was born. He grew up in a happy home, ruled by good parents, bubbling with joy and contentment, sanctified by God’s blessings. His birthplace was an ideal place for individuals who want to gain inspiration and peacefulness. CALAMBA is really a perfect place to nurtureRead MoreReflection for Rizals Eye-Opening Journey (the National Hero of the Philippines)3237 Words   |  13 PagesReminiscing the Life of Dr. Jose P. Rizal A glance to his eye-opening journey Submitted by: Cornelio, Ruth Estabillo, Janine Obligado, Avelardo Odper, Renelyn Ora, Rex Reyes, Cristine Rosete, Jaysieca Submitted to: Professor Ortaà ±es Works, Writings, Life of Rizal September 27, 2010

FIN501 - Strategic Corporate Finance - Mod 1 SLP Essay

Essays on FIN501 - Strategic Corporate Finance - Mod 1 SLP Essay Finance Module SLP of the of the Finance Module SLP Brief of the Company I have chosen the Coca Cola Company for my finance SLP. The main business of the Coca Cola Company is to provide beverages to quench the thirst of people the world over. Headquartered in Atlanta, the company operates in 200 countries, has over 139,000 employees and 2,500 products. The drink that started it all was the ever popular Coca Cola, which was originally created in Atlanta, USA by Dr. John Pemberton in 1886. It was named Coca Cola by his accountant, Frank Robinson. The rights to its ownership were purchased by Asa Chandler, its first President, whose marketing genius led to it being popularized all over the United States. As Coke celebrates 125 years of its history, the brand is now the most recognized in the world (The Coca Cola Website, 2011). The shares of Coca Cola are sold on the NYSE under the symbol KO. It has never failed to announce a dividend in the last 49 years. The stock price as of 13 Janua ry 2012 is $66.99 and during the past year its stock price has varied from a low of $61.29 to a high of $71.77-so we can say that its price has been quite consistent. The Coca Cola Company earned revenues of $46 billion in 2011, with a net income of $12.69 billion. It is part of the soft drinks or beverage industry, with its main competitors being Pepsi, the Nestle Group and Dr. Pepper or the Snapple Group (Yahoo Finance, 2011). Why I Chose This Company I think that Coca Cola is one of the world’s most successful brands, and is a prime example of how taste can transcend all boundaries. Not only the beverage itself but even the shape of the bottle and the distinctive logo make it easily recognizable the world over. With over 2500 products sold in over 200 countries, it is a phenomenal American success story. Not many companies have a record of announcing dividends for 49 years without a break, which is a remarkable feat. About IPOs Coca Cola is definitely one of the best stocks to own today. Yet Benjamin Graham, the father of value investing recommended to his followers to stay clear of all IPOs. The reason is that the initial founders may be looking to recap on their original investment, or the company may not live up to its promises or the media hype. For example, a share of Coca Cola Corp. purchased in 1919 at the IPO offering of $40 crashed to $19 in 1920. Yet it has picked up to $60 and above today. It is estimated that with all dividends reinvested following the original investment, a single share would be worth over $5 million today. What I have learned from this module is that if we are lucky enough to buy into a promising stock, and hold on to it for a while, say 20 to 30 years, it could be a life changing experience for investors-such as Wal-mart, Google, Home Depot etc. References The Coca-Cola Website (2011).The Chronicle of Coca-Cola. Accessed on 17 Jan 2012 at http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html The Yahoo Finance Website (2012). About KO: Technical Analysis. Accessed on 17 Jan 2012 at http://finance.yahoo.com/q/ta?s=KO+Basic+Tech.+Analysis

Health safety and the environment report feyzin Free Essays

string(40) " districts or just the Feyzin refinery\." The aim of this project is to describe the incident which took place in Feyzin, south of France, on Tuesday January 4th 1966. This project describes the history of the refinery, a description of the LPG manufacture processes, the cause of the accident, details of the accident, inquires and safety measures, conclusion and personal recommendations. A focus group for the project was the first approach on research to explore people’s ideas and attitudes to the accident. We will write a custom essay sample on Health safety and the environment report feyzin or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were several weekly group meetings excluding the weekly tutor meetings putting forward ideas discussing whether the accident could have been for seen and reasonable measures were in place. Each member of the group was assigned a particular area in which they were to collect information. The required information was gathered from various highly reliable sources such as a HSE investigation. History And Background Information. Feyzin is situated in the suburbs of Lyon in the southern part of France. The France national petroleum was located in Feyzin. The refinery at Feyzin had started operating in 1964. The main objective of this processing plant was to produce 1.7 million tonnes a year of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). LPG is a by-product of the distillation of oil from crude oil. When the distillate is put under pressure its physical state changes into a liquid. It is in this form that LPG is transported around in cylinder tanks. Because of the relatively short life span of the site prior to the incident, the cascade of events may be relatively short and that major issues will have risen during both the design and construction of the site. We can assume now that the plant was between its 1st and 2nd year of operation. LPG is a combination of Propane (Pressure 12 Bar, 37 degrees Celsius) and Butane (Pressure 2.6 Bar, 37 degrees Celsius).The LPG is used as an alternative to petrol.[Aarding India Pvt Ltd, 2007] The LPG is important because it is widely used as a fuel for vehicles and as cooking gas since its manufacture. They are also used as Industrial fuel and heating oils which are vital for many process plants. [Herman F. Mark et al, 1982] LPG is employed for starting up solid-fuel and oil-fired boilers supplying turbo generators. It is potential stand by for gas turbine generating equipment run on interruptible gas supplies. Its use for peak-load turbines will be economical to some circumstances. [BP trading ltd, 1972] Cascade events The causes of the deadly incident which took place at Feyzin There were quite a few reasons reported which were believed to be the causes of the explosion. Cause of the leakage: Three operators opened 2-inch valves which were mounted in series at a bottom of a 1200m3 propane spherical tank. The valves did not close at a LPG tank which contained 1200kl propane, which led to the leakage of LPG gas, a major cause of the explosion. For LPG that is Propane gas, when the pressure is lowered to atmospheric one the temp drops to -40. At this temperature moisture in air is frozen, but also the moisture reacts with LPG forming a solid hydrate. So either the downstream valve did not close tightly because of hydrate formation or the valve handle was stuck by the frozen moisture. This accident was believed to be caused as the upstream valve was not opened fully and the pressure at the outlet of the first valve was near the atmospheric pressure, the pressure difference cooled. It is very wrong to operate the valve system like that. Therefore, the cause of the explosion is either the operator’s human mistake or a mistake on the management not to inform the proper execution of the operation. Cause of the ignition: The leaked LPG is presumed to be travelled for a distance and spread along the ground. A car driving down a local road might have sparked the ignition which is maybe due to the driver’s cigarette or the car engine’s hot temperature. Note that the layout of the plant was restricted to the landscape; a highway was constructed just 50m away from the large LPG tanks which exploded during the incident. Moreover there was no dike around the tanks which exploded, when large amount of LPG leaked, the vapour flew along the ground to the highway. The main cause of the ignition is that there was no dike around the LPG tanks and the distance regulation insufficient. Secondly, the legs of the spherical tank were made of iron which weren’t fire proof. Thirdly, is that the distance between the adjacent tanks was really close, The actual distance between the centre of the tanks was just 27m according to the facility information provided. This proves that the adjacent tanks were affected so easily from the explosion of the first tank. Event A BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) was the disaster that occurred at Feyzin. It is an explosion phenomenon caused by the rapid phase change (vaporization) of a liquid. At 6:30am three operators started the water draining operation of a tank. Two valves were opened in series on the bottom of the sphere. When the operation was nearly complete, the upper valve was closed and then cracked open again. No flow came out of the cracked valve, so it was opened further. The blockage, assumed to be ice or hydrate, cleared and propane gushed out. The operator was unable to close the upper valve and by the time he attempted to close the lower valve this was also frozen open. The LPG leak started here because that valve was not closed completely. After a few minutes the operators were covered in propane vapour. The leaking LPG spread in the direction of the highway, with partially vaporizing. The alarm rang in the control room at this time. At around 7:05am; the alarm rang and it is not clear if it rang throughout the Feyzin districts or just the Feyzin refinery. You read "Health safety and the environment report feyzin" in category "Papers" The first fire truck of the factory turned out immediately. After this the traffic on the highway next to the refinery was stopped. The fire brigade of Lyon arrived at 7:20. Just after 7:30am, a car came and stopped on the local road where the traffic had not been stopped. The explosion apparently occurred after the car had stopped. The fire increased in power, spread along the leaking LPG, and the tank was overcome with flames immediately. By 8:40am the first tank at the refinery exploded by the BLEVE. The second and third spherical tanks exploded five minutes later. Two more spherical tanks and many oil tanks burned continuously. The next day in the morning the fire was extinguished. As a result of this it was reported that 18-81 persons died and about 80-130 persons got injured included members of the fire fighting team. The physical damage included five LPG tanks, many atmospheric tanks containing crude oil and jet fuel, and so on. The Feyzin Refinery suffered extensive damage. The LPG tank farm where the sphere was located consisted of four 1200 m3 propane and four 2000 m3 butane spheres. The fire brigade arrived on site, but were not experienced in dealing in refinery fires, and it appears they did not attempt to cool the burning sphere. They concentrated their hoses on cooling the remaining spheres. About 90 minutes after the initial leakage, the sphere ruptured, killing the men nearby. A wave of liquid propane flowed over the compound wall and fragments of the ruptured sphere cut through the legs of the next sphere which toppled over. The relief valve on this tank began to emit liquid. What is believed to have happened on the day of the accident is: the upstream valve was not opened fully and the pressure at the outlet of the first valve was near atmospheric pressure, hence the upstream valve was cooled by the pressure difference. It is absolutely prohibited to operate valves in such manner. Therefore, the cause of the accident is either the operator’s human error or a mistake on management side in not explaining the proper operation protocols. Another contributing factor to the accident is that the operator did not close the downstream valve. There is insufficient information available to why this valve was not closed. It is assumed that either ice is generated in the downstream valve like in the upstream valve or a rapid large LPG leak occurred, the operator may have panicked when they could not close the upstream valve and therefore may have not remembered to close the downstream valve. Basically they had to decrease the downstream valve opening when the LPG began to appear in the drain water. Then the valve had to be closed at the end of the drain work. Either they forgot to carry out this procedure or they could not close the second valve because it had also become stuck by freezing. 1) Valve A is closed 2) Valve A cracks open 3) Valve A becomes blocked due to freezing 4) No flow through valve A 5) Valve A is opened 6) Ice block in valve A becomes dislodged 7) Valve A freezes in open position 8) Unable to close valve A 9) Valve B freezes in open position 10) Unable to close valve B 11) Pressure sphere fluid leaks through open valves 12) Fluid level in pressure vessel drops decreasing internal pressure 13) Liquid propane begins to boil due to pressure drop 14) Pressure in vessel increases due to liberated gaseous propane 15) Fluid flow through valves A and B increases due to increase in pressure 16) Vessel pressure continues to increase 17) Pressure vessel ruptures 18) Gaseous propane escapes vessel Recommendations and summary * Geographical location and details * History of Feyzin, including cascade events * Incident timeline and possible description of why it happened * Geographical effects of the incident * Results of the inquiry and official recommendations * Personal recommendations not covered by the enquiry Geographical location and details In order to get a better understanding of the scale of the Feyzin incident, it is important to note the location of the site in regards to the local area in which the site was and still is positioned. This will give an indication to understanding the safety procedures that were in place at the time of the incident and how emergency procedures were carried out at the time. It has proven very difficult to obtain a clear picture of the geographical location either prior to or following the incident of the site and so it will be assumed that the current location of the site, circa 2009, is the same location at the time of the incident. Close examination of this map may also indicate the most likely positioning of the epicentre of the primary detonation. Fig 1. Map of Feyzin Birds eye view 2009 Sandwiched between the A7 Expressway to the east of the site and the ‘Le grand large’ river to the west, on close examination, it appears that some form of storage containers are located just west of the top E15 label in the image. This may lead us to assume that the storage containers were in the same location prior to the 1966 incident. On a broader scale it may also be seen that this location is approximately 10 km south of the major city of Lyon. Research suggests that at the time of the incident, the site lacked any serious on site systems in case of a major crisis, relying more on the local public services to resolve anything arising such as the incident in question. Again on close inspection of the map, it can be seen that the site is placed within a fairly urbanised area. Again we must assume a similar layout at the time of the incident though populations will be quite different from the 1966 incident and the 2009 map. This will assist in understanding the cause of the incident overall and the scale of the overall effect in this area. Apart from just repeating the timeline for the actual incident, it is important to try and understand why the incident took place, outside of the events leading up to and after what happened. The sequence of events surrounding the cracking and freezing of the ‘upper’ valve, and the subsequent rupture of the pressure vessel need to be understood, in order to get a better understanding of how such a crises may be avoided in the future. These events may only have taken place over a very short time frame but they are essential to understanding the crises. One of the critical questions that should be asked is why following the closure of valve A and the subsequent cracking and freezing up of the valve, was the valve then opened. Thus allowing the ice block to become dislodged and the rest of the above sequence to take place. The reasons for this particular action, in opening valve A may be described in four ways. The first possibility may be a simple case of curiosity. The valve was closed and froze, and so to check that the valve was still properly operational was then opened. The second possibility is that the correct procedure for such an event was not properly followed. That the correct procedure would have stated that in such an event, the valve should have been kept closed and the problem be properly reported to maintenance. Therefore the valve operator was responsible for the incident that took place. The third possibility is that no official procedure or training had been formulated for such an event. Therefore panic may have ensued resulting in the opening of the valve as a panic decision which can therefore be described as human error. The fourth possibility is that the official procedure was followed properly and that the procedure was critically floored. So the issue of a misunderstanding of such an event or even ignorance of such was present at the time of this crisis. The third possibility seems likely case based on the immediate actions of the individual as he made the decision not to use a phone close to the pressure tank and instead ran approximately 800 meters to the next nearest phone in the fear of causing a detonation of the released vapour cloud. The fourth possibility may also have some bearing in the crisis as prior to this event, the term BLEVE had still not been discovered or at least recorded prior to this. The rest of the sequence should be covered in the full breakdown of the crisis. An important issue to be considered is the overall control displayed by both the emergency and municipal authorities during the crisis. Even though the A7 expressway was closed following the leak, the authorities failed to close the local roads to all traffic, which resulted in a car being within 160 meters of the leaking pressure tank and causing the point of ignition. The failings in the emergency service appear to be more in association with a lack of sufficient training in the order of dealing with industrial crises as it was primarily there to deal with public situations. This resulted in a fatal misunderstanding of how to control such a situation as a leaking pressure tank and resulting fire, due to a lack of prior knowledge which is strengthened in the term BLEVE only being created some 4 to 5 years later Results of the enquiry and official recommendations The official investigation was not fully resolved until 1971 by the Grenoble court case. This may have been due to political reasons or due to the enquiry investigating why the crisis had occurred in the first place. On the principal that such events have happened since the Feyzin disaster, it cannot be assumed that the enquiry was successful in bringing about sufficient change in the safety of pressurised fluid containment. Personal recommendations not covered by the enquiry The first recommendations are for the design and construction of all current and future proposed plants dealing with pressurised fluid containment. The second recommendations are in association with work practices involved on chemical plants in general. Third valve (reserve): A third valve should be installed for the purpose of maintenance and crisis control. To be kept open at all times so as not to induce unnecessary wear and tear on the valve. When maintenance is required to be carried out on the two principal valves, the reserve can be shut to allow for maintenance to be carried out safely. In the event of a crisis similar to that of Feyzin, this valve can be shut as an emergency back up system in minimising fluid leakage from the pressure vessel. ‘Cold’ pipe lagging: In order to prevent freezing of any pipes or valves dealing with potentially ‘cold’ fluids, lagging should be fitted to all appropriate pipe work and fittings in order to minimise any potential freezing of these systems. Systems not dealing with ‘cold’ fluids must be scrutinised independent of this point. Rubber sealed pressure box: High pressure boxes should be installed around all vital valves dealing with pressurised fluids. They should be big enough to allow for ease of working but not to big as to incur any additional hazard to plant running. They should be designed with an environmental rubberised seal so that if a valve begins to leak, the box can but locked shut with an emergency key. Thus minimising any excessive leakage until the situation can be bought under control. See: A third valve (reserve) Deluge system – Control box and master switch: If geographically located near to a natural water source as in the case of the Feyzin site, a deluge system should be installed. It must have pipe work leading to all critical locations around the entirety of the plant. This system must be regularly checked so as to remain in good working order. Each piece of equipment covered by this system must be fitted with a local switch, so in the event of either a leak or a fire, the operator can activate the system in order to prevent escalation of the situation. A central control post should be equipped with a control panel covering all local deluge systems via an override system and also be installed with a master switch that can activate all systems at once. This will allow for the main operator to activate systems in a sequence or all at once should a major sit6uation occur. Communication is vital for this system to work properly, so an emergency phone network should be installed in order to insure proper working of the system. This will only be part of the solution and fire brigades properly trained with dealing with such an event will ensure that the crisis is resolved effectively. Completion of site before going online: It is important that a site should be safe to operate before going online. In the case of Feyzin, the site was still under construction when the accident occurred. Even though construction work may not have been the cause of the incident, neither can the incompletion of the site be assumed to have helped in the scale of the incident itself. So before a plant can go online, all safety systems must be installed. This is not to be confused with site maintenance which is an ongoing process throughout the plants lifetime. Inclusion of full earthworks around site: Only effective if any vapour or fluid is heavier than atmospheric air. May also be affected by environmental conditions, however if all other systems are overwhelmed, then this system is designed to delay the spread of any possible leak. Earth works should be built around all containment vessels and if possible the entire site. So in case of an emergency, any leaking vapour may be contained within the confines of either the leaking vessel or the plant. Fig. 2 illustration of valves which were major cause of accident Preventions To prevent valves from freezing redundant sampling valves and drain valves are installed in series. In the tank involved in this accident, the double valve was already installed. In the LPG tank, the doubling of the valve is a minimum requirement as in the case of a single valve, there is a strong possibility that the valves main body will be cooled, damaging the closing function of the valve by freezing of the moisture in the air. The distance between the two valves must be sufficient to prevent the low temperature of the second valve affecting it. The size of the second valve must be approximately 10mm or less. It is recommended that a distance of 1m or more to be allowed between valve 1 and 2. Counter measures in other facilities around the world * Dike installation: – LPG spreads along the ground as it is heavier than the air. A dike is effective for prevention the spread of LPG. * As a precaution against the BLEVE phenomenon, the tank wall must be cooled by placing water showering facilities above the tank. * The Tank legs must be fire proofed. If the legs are made from iron they can be damaged by fire. * The distance between tanks is kept to prevent the spread of fires. The minimum distance is generally the diameter of the larger tank, however if possible greater distance between tanks is recommended. * Gas detectors are installed within the facility. Conclusions The Feyzin accident was a cause by human error and unsafe conditions. The accident could have been prevented if correct procedures were followed and if the plant was designed with appropriate fail safe systems such as a dike and LPG detectors. This accident lead to a greater understanding of the BLEVE phenomenon and has given future LPG companies the knowledge of its existence which has led to further research into this occurrence. Explosion of LPG tanks cause devastating damage. The companies that store and handle large volumes of LPG must consult with the local government to ensure they can communicate with the local government, inform local inhabitants and relay instructions for how to restrict traffic in case of an LPG leak. It has now become clear that the location for which the plant is located must be thoroughly studied, to ensure there is enough distance between the plant and built up areas. Without doubt future companies designing LPG refinery plants can benefit from the findings of this accident report. Glossary BLEVE – Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas How to cite Health safety and the environment report feyzin, Papers

Nutrition free essay sample

An examination of the basics of good nutrition and its health benefits. A definition of nutrition is provided and an examination of the factors which influence healthy eating and good nutrition. The paper also looks at the different food elements and their nutritional values. The health benefits of good nutrition is also examined physical and mental health. Long term health effects are also mentioned relating to ones diet and physical exercise routine. I. INTRODUCTION A. What is Nutrition? B. Good Nutrition C. Important Food Elements II. NUTRITION FOR A HEALTHY MIND AND BODY A. Benefits of Good Nutrition B. Nutrition for a Healthy Body C. Nutrition for a Healthy Mind D. Nutrition for the Future III. CONCLUSION The most basic definition of nutrition is the science of how food nourishes the body. (Null) Still, nutrition is a very broad and complex subject. The food we eat must go through many changes before our bodies can use it for nutrition. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nutrition includes the physical act of eating, digesting and absorbing nutrients. Nutrition is the process that living things take in food and use it. Plants can be nourished by air, water and sunshine. But human beings have much more complicated needs. Our nutrition may be good or poor, depending on the food we eat. Nutrition free essay sample Duke was a pianist. Collaborating with other Longtime originated over sass compositions ND his oeuvre Is the largest recorded personal Jazz legacy, which of many have became standard among jazz music. A pro at writing miniatures for the the three- minute 78 RPM record format, Edward often composed specially for the style and skills of his individual musicians. He also recorded for most American companies of his era at some point, and appeared in several films, scoring several, and composed stage musicals. Due to his inventive use of the orchestra, or big band, and thanks to his charisma and skill, he is generally considered to have evaluated the perception f jazz to an act form on par with other traditional genres of music. His fame increased after his death and he was given the Pulitzer Prize in 1999. In the Home place of Longtime in Washington D. C. , there is a Duke Longtime School of the Arts. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This school is design to educate talented students, who are following careers in the arts, by providing heavy art instruction and strong academic programs that prepare students for post-secondary education and professional careers.Built in 1935 Calvert Street Bridge was renamed Duke Longtime Bridge in 1974. Martin Williams said Duke Longtime lived long enough to hear himself named among our best composers. And since his death in 1974, it has become not at all uncommon to see him named, along with Charles Ivies, as the greatest composer we have produced, regardless of category. In the opinion of Bob Blumenthal of The Boston Globe In 1999: in the century since his birth, there has been no greater composer, American or otherwise, than Edward Kennedy Longtime. In 2002, scholar Mollie Kate Sensate listed Duke Longtime on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans. While his compositions are now the staple of the repertoire of music conservatories, they have been revisited by artists and musicians around the world both as a source of Inspiration and a bedrock of their own performing careers. In 2010 the triangular park, across the street from Duke Elongations birth site, at the Intersection of New Hampshire and M Streets, NW was named the Duke Longtime Park. Elongations residence at 2728 S herman Avenue, NW, during the years 1919-1922,ls marked by a bronze plaque. On February 24, 2009, the united States Mint launched a new coin treating Duke Longtime, making him the flirts African American to appear by himself Columbia quarter. The coin is part of the U. S. Mints program honoring the District and the U. S. Territories and celebrates Elongations birthplace in the District of Columbia. Longtime is depicted on the quarter seated at a piano, sheet music in hand, along with the inscription Justice for All, which is the Districts motto. Longtime lived for years in a townhouse on the corner of Manhattans Riverside Drive and West 10th Street.After his death, West 10th Street was officially renamed Duke Longtime Boulevard. A large memorial to Longtime, created by sculptor Robert Graham, was dedicated in 1997 in New Works Central Park, near Fifth Avenue and 10th Street, an intersection named Duke Longtime Circle. A statue of Longtime at a piano is featured at the entrance to Class Schoenberg Hall. According to UCLA Magazine: I chose this artist, because I love black culture. This artist was not only black , but achieved many new musical appreciations. I also loved the compositions and leadership and commitment that he held and kept over the years of the orchestra.